A B S T R A C T Transformations such as globalization, the contiguity of geographical spaces, as well as developments in the field of military technologies have transformed the issue of Defense as the main factor for the survival of countries. Because the transformation from hard to soft war and then the smart war in recent decades has changed the approaches to Defense. These transformations have led to the development of discussions about Defense purposes. Meanwhile, Middle East countries have a prominent position and importance in terms of Defense due to their special conditions. This article has tried to investigate the basic dimensions affecting the Defense of foreign countries with descriptive and analytical methods, using library and field findings and Smart-PLS software. The results of the current research show that the effective components in the current research include 130 items that are placed in the form of 15 dimensions. The importance of these dimensions in Defense of the Middle East countries is, respectively, geopolitical dimension with a 0.43 score, military dimension with a 0.41 score, economic dimension with a 0.41 score, political dimension with a 0.39 score, hydrology dimension with a 0.34 score, security dimension with a 0.32 score, social dimension with a 0.29 score, demographic dimension with a 0.28 score, cultural dimension with a 0.26 score, scientific-health dimension with a 0.25 score, geomorphological dimension with a 0.25 score, mathematical dimension with a 0.2 score, climatic dimension with a 0.2 score, biological dimension with a 0.2 score and soil dimension with a 0.18 score. Extended Abstract Introduction Security and Defense are among the most vital issues for the preservation and survival of countries. In fact, Defense and military affairs are necessary for countries' independence and political, cultural and economic development. Among them, geography and political geography are prominent fields that directly affect Defense issues. Actions taken by a country in dimensions (political, military, economic, etc.) in order to maintain security and territorial integrity, guarantee independence and protection of its people against any enemy attack, will organize the geographical (spatial) environment, wise and appropriate distribution of critical places and sensitive centers and infrastructures are identified by taking into account the threats and the correct use of environmental capacities in political, economic, social, cultural, etc. dimensions, and as a result, it can lead to stability and stability in the country's geographical space. The design of Defense planning model according to the economic, cultural, political and environmental features in the new era when countries are facing external and internal threats as a sub-branch of territorial planning has received the attention and importance of officials and governance systems in order to be able to reduce these threats with accurate and systematic planning in the geographical space, Defense planning is not separate from the flow of national and regional planning. It is important to pay attention to it based on the type and amount of external and internal threats to governance. Due to the expansion of the security circle, the government is not only responsible for creating military security. However, it must also exercise part of its authority in the direction of territorial management. On the other hand, there has been a transformation in the form of threats and wars based on changes and the movement from hard to soft war and finally, smart war is the basis for reviewing and recognizing the components that can be used in Defense of countries, including the Middle East countries, have a prominent position and importance. Despite the internal differences between countries, the Middle East has commonalities and connections that can directly affect the overall Defense of this geographical space.   Methodology In terms of type and purpose, the current research is fundamentally applied. Also, it is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. This research, in addition to the correct and realistic depiction of the Defense situation of the Middle East countries, it is tried to provide a suitable model for the Defense of the countries. The sources used in the current research are library and field sources (questionnaires). According to the subject of the current research, the statistical population of this research is a collection of people, experts and elites who have sufficient knowledge, experience and expertise regarding the research topic, which is the design of the Defense model, according to the nature of the Delphi pattern model, at least the statistical population based on the sources should be between twenty and fifty people to reach statistical saturation. The number of selected samples included 51 people who were identified in the form of a non-random sampling pattern and introduced as a statistical sample in the framework of the Delphi model. Due to the qualitative nature of this research, it has been tried to use the Delphi model in the framework of the targeted non-random model. Therefore, based on these cases, the current research has selected the maximum statistical population of 51 elites, experts, and opinionated people in this field. In this research, to evaluate the research hypotheses in the form of the hardness equations model, the Partial least squares method and the SMART-PLS software, which is a variance-based path modeling technique and provides the possibility of checking the theory and metrics simultaneously, have been exerted.   Results and discussion In this research, approaches such as political, military, cultural, etc., in the field of land use have been discussed. In the meantime, the Defense of countries as an emerging approach is significant. According to the developments in geographical spaces, such as the evolution of military-Defense technologies, the connection of geographical spaces to each other and most importantly, the movement from hard and soft war to smart war has witnessed a transformation and wide attention in a way that countries are suited to these developments are trying to prepare the geographical space of their country in terms of Defense. Therefore, the Defense planning of the Middle East countries as a geographical region has great importance from a geopolitical and strategic point of view, which indicates that the countries of this region face threats and complex Defense-security issues in different ways.   Conclusion The results of the present research show that the Defense planning in developing countries should be considered according to their characteristics, considering all 15 dimensions, which include 130 components. In the design of the Defense planning of these countries, attention should be paid to the weight and importance of the shaping dimensions. In general, it can be said that the Defense planning of the Middle East countries is proportional to the geographical features of these countries and on the other hand, considering the developments in the field of threats and moving from hard to smart war, 15 dimensions should be considered for the Defense of these countries.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The theoretical basis of excuses such as “Diminished Responsibility”, “Provocation”,” intoxication” and “accused mental condition”, is impaired volition. Volitional Impairment as a Partial Defense is not explicitly mentioned in the Statute of the International Criminal Courts; However, according to the clause 3 of article 31 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, the court may consider other grounds for impunity and pay attention to the impaired volition from this point of view. Despite the acceptance of concepts such as mental disorder in the legal framework of the International Criminal Court and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, which can expand the range of potential reasons for mitigating the punishment; a very cautious approach has been adopted regarding cases of disturbance of volition in the statute of criminal courts. In fact, according to adhering to the philosophy of establishing strict laws in international crimes, examples of impaired volition have been limited just as a judicial mitigating excuse. This is despite the fact that in the Common law system, especially in the law of England, impaired volition is addressed as a Partial excuse (Partial Defense) in some cases of intentional homicide, and it reduces the punishment for homicide to manslaughter.

2Deficit irrigation is one of the irrigation management methods that is used to increase Water Use Efficiency. Considering the internal plant adaptability characteristic to water shortage, Partial Root Drying method has been introduced in recent years. In this field research improvement of Water Use Efficiency for Soybean was determined. This experiment which was conducted at four furrow irrigation treatments at the Research Field of Tehran University in Karaj in 2008, consists of full irrigation (100% soil moisture deficit compensation), conventional deficit irrigation at 50 and 75 percent soil moisture deficit compensation and Partial Root Drying at 50 percent soil moisture deficit compensation with three replications. The amounts of irrigation used were exactly compensation level (negligible loss). Results indicated that Water Use Efficiency according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the five percent level of probability there was a significant difference between Partial root drying treatment (PRD50%) and conventional deficit irrigation treatment at fifty percent soil moisture deficit compensation (DI50%),. Water Use Efficiency in PRD50% compared with DI50%, DI75% and full irrigation increased by 48.3%, 61.9% and 70.1% respectively.

Considering the incidence of pilonidal sinus and its relapse following routine procedures and for making a comparison between the Partial closure and open methods, this study was performed on referrals of Shaheed Modarres hospital during the years 1998-1999. The clinical trial strategy of this study was performed on 48 patients. They were randomly divided into two control and case groups. For control group, the open method and routine procedures and for control group, an outpatient method and local anesthetics were applied. For the latter, the cyst (sinus) was removed and stitched by silk thread # 0. This method not only prevented hemorrhage, but also produced an operation area of less extent and less supporation and its treating is easier. After 5 days, the granulation tissue was formed and the sutures were removed. This procedure is a modified and converted form of open method and is accompanied with less infection and relapse (a modification to Dives method). Control group (n=24, 20 males and 4 females) consisted of patients at an average age of 27 years (from 18 to 36 years) and case group included 24 patients (22 males and 2 females) at an average age of 31 years (from 16 to 45 years). In both groups, the sinuses were similar regarding type and dimension. The wound extent in control group was from 15 to 25 mm and in the case group was from 12 to 18 mm. In addition, both of them did not show hemorrhage, one patient in control group had infection, and wound healing in control and case groups observed after 45 :t 5 and 25 :t 5 days respectively. It is concluded that Partial closure method has less complications in the treatment of patients with pilonidal sinus.

Deficit irrigation is one of the irrigation management methods that is used to increase Water Use Efficiency. Considering the internal plant adaptability characteristic to water shortage, Partial Root Drying method has been introduced in recent years. In this field research improvement of Water Use Efficiency for Soybean was determined. This experiment which was conducted at four furrow irrigation treatments at the Research Field of Tehran University in Karaj in 2008, consists of full irrigation (100% soil moisture deficit compensation), conventional deficit irrigation at 50 and 75 percent soil moisture deficit compensation and Partial Root Drying at 50 percent soil moisture deficit compensation with three replications. The amounts of irrigation used were exactly compensation level (negligible loss). Results indicated that Water Use Efficiency according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the five percent level of probability there was a significant difference between Partial root drying treatment (PRD50%) and conventional deficit irrigation treatment at fifty percent soil moisture deficit compensation (DI50%). Water Use Efficiency in PRD50% compared with DI50%, DI75% and full irrigation increased by 48.3%, 61.9% and 70.1% respectively.

The scientific modeling of cellular growth and proliferation can significantly help to physicians to offer an appropriate treatment. In this paper the modeling of the body's immune system function for a patient with melanoma cancer has been studied. The main advantage of this model is considering more variables to describe the dynamics of the melanoma patient’ s body, which will make our model more realistic. For estimating the coefficients of the mathematical model, a multiobjective optimization method, "Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm", is used. One of the major advantages of such method is considering multiple objectives and simultaneously constraining them. Simulation results reveal that our mathematical model can successfully simulate the function of the body Defense system of the melanoma patient. In order to analyze the sensitivity and determine the correlation of the mathematical model output to changing in some parameters, Partial Rank Correlation Coefficient (PRCC) method is employed. Finally, it is demonstrated that Interleukin-2 (IL-2) generation rate change has the highest PRCC value and changing this parameter will have a high impact on the model outputs.